A Review on Hardfacing, Process Variables, Challenges, and Future Works

Hardfacing is an efficient and economical surfacing technique widely used by heavy industries to remediate worn components in service or enhance the component’s wear characteristics prior use. Efficient hardfacing for any targeted application requires precise consideration understanding of deposition process, consumables, substrates. It also essential understand process variables issues that can occur during processes, such as dilution defects deposit, including residual stress-induced cracking. Significant research has been published over many years on several aspects hardfacing, primarily focusing abrasive wear, corrosion, impact characterisation using different welding methods alloy compositions. This paper focuses reviewing literature systematically summarise considerations selection criteria processes materials. presents a discussion key variables, parameters number layers, highlighting their influences procedure. further discusses challenges practices, One significant issue investigated thermal damage high-strength steel substrates, with measurement being elements. The focus this investigation discuss optimisation substrates communicate potential areas prospective applications industry.